ABSTRACT
Purpose/Background: the majority of cancers affect older persons because aging is a high risk factor for this disease. Gastrointestinal tract malignancies are also considered disease that affects older patients, with a peak incidence in the sixth and seventh decades. Close to 60% of all newly diagnosed malignant tumors and 71% of all cancer deaths occur in persons in this age group according to the NCI surveillance, epidemiology and end results [SEER] program data. Aging population is more vulnerable to develop cancer caused by a lifetime exposure to carcinogen such as pollution, radiation, tobacco and harmful sunrays etc
Objective: the objective of this research was to study the gastrointestinal tract [GIT] malignancies in different age groups in our set up
Design: retrospective study
Duration: from January 2001 to December 2010
Method: this 10 year review of patients with GIT cancers in different age groups was carried out at the Centre for Nuclear medicine and Radiotherapy [CENAR], Quetta south western region of Pakistan. Information extracted from the files of patients in record
Results: out of 2269 patients, the most common age group was above 60 year with a total of 752[33%] patients. Among1178 patients of carcinoma [Ca] esophagus, 30% belong to above 60year age group, Whereas above 60 year age group is commonest age group for CaColorectum, Stomach, Liver, Gall bladder, Pancreas, Small intestine and Anal canal accounting for 35%, 37%, 40%, 37%, 36%, 40% and 33% respectively
Conclusion: malignancy is associated with old age. Various GIT malignancies studied in our study showed that above 60 year age group being commonest
ABSTRACT
Objectives: to determine the diagnostic accuracy of color Doppler ultrasound in the detection of malignancy in cold nodules in thyroid gland at Nishtar Hospital Multan, taking histopathology as gold standard
Materials and Methods: this cross-sectional study was carried out at Department of Diagnostic Imaging in Nishtar Hospital, Multan during May, 2012 to May, 2013. 81 patients with solitary thyroid nodule were included in the study. Ultrasonography including gray scale and color Doppler ultrasound was performed in each patient with high resolution probe. Findings suggestive for malignancy like microcalcifications, irregular margins, marked hypoechogenicity, shape taller than wider and intranodular vascularity on color Doppler ultrasound were noted. Nodules were labeled as malignant, if one or more positive findings were present. Sonographic findings were compared with histopathology. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated
Results: total 81 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were included. 58.02% [n=47], were male and 41.08% [n=34] were female. Mean age and SD was calculated as 35.67+/-4.78.Frequency of malignancy in thyroid nodules [on histopathology] was recorded in 22.22% [n=18] while 77.78% [n=63] were benign. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value [PPV], negative predictive value [NPV] and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography were 83.33%, 88.89%, 68.18%, 94.92% and 87.65% respectively
Conclusion: ultrasonography is a non-invasive technique having high diagnostic accuracy in detection of malignancy in cold nodules thyroid gland